{"id":10321,"date":"2024-10-21T16:03:20","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T13:03:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pelestest.thepoint-agency.com\/?post_type=colectie&p=10321"},"modified":"2024-12-19T13:35:30","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T11:35:30","slug":"gismonda","status":"publish","type":"colectie","link":"https:\/\/thewebdevpoint.com\/ro\/colectie\/gismonda\/","title":{"rendered":"Gismonda"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Curentul aristic Art Nouveau a generat afi\u0219ul \u0219i grafica publicitar\u0103. \u00centotdeauna vie \u0219i \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103 mi\u0219care, ornamenta\u021bia apare echilibrat\u0103. O dat\u0103 cu expansiunea industrial\u0103 din secolul al XX-lea \u0219i cu cre\u0219terea publicului consumator, arta afi\u0219elor s-a dovedit a fi un mijloc puternic de reclam\u0103 \u0219i propagand\u0103. Profit\u00e2nd de elementele de efect ale stilurilor Art Nouveau \u0219i Art Deco, creatorii de afi\u0219e, din urm\u0103roarele decade, au conferit lucr\u0103rilor lor un stil inconfundabil \u0219i de o mare diversitate.<\/p>

Posterul Art Nouveau era complex, manierat \u0219i sofisticat, executat cu o mare bog\u0103\u021bie de mijloace grafice \u0219i coloristice. A avut un mare impact vizual, acest fenomen lu\u00e2nd amploare spre sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea \u0219i \u00eenceputul celui urm\u0103tor. Dup\u0103 inventarea litografiei policrome, \u00een anul 1879, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 se reproduc\u0103 afi\u0219e de calitate \u00een serie mare. Asemenea inova\u021bii tehnologice au dus la o bun\u0103 colaborare \u00eentre imprimerii \u0219i arti\u0219ti, contribuind la o adev\u0103rat\u0103 \u00eenflorire a artei afi\u0219elor \u00eentre 1870 \u0219i 1939.<\/p>

Afi\u0219ul s-a inspirat din desenele japoneze \u0219i, \u00een special, din pictura nabi\u0219tilor, oferindu-le autorilor genului solu\u021bii deosebit de \u00eendr\u0103zne\u021be. Graficianul francez Jean Carlu era de p\u0103rere c\u0103 afi\u0219ul este \u201dexpresia grafic\u0103 a unei idei\u201d.
Fie el comercial sau cultural, afi\u0219ul publicitar este mai mult dec\u00e2t prezent \u00een via\u021ba omului contemporan. Atunci c\u00e2nd a fost creat, posterul a fost conceput ca un instrument al comunic\u0103rii \u00een scopul declarat al v\u00e2nz\u0103rii unui produs sau a unei idei.<\/p>

Perioada Bell\u00e9 \u00c9poque este marcat\u0103 de o adev\u0103rat\u0103 \u201dgoan\u0103 dup\u0103 afi\u0219e\u201d, de o explozie de expozi\u021bii de afi\u0219e, de proliferarea magazinelor \u0219i comercian\u021bilor de afi\u0219e \u00eentru satisfacerea dragostei publicului pentru aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de art\u0103. \u00cen Fran\u021ba, cultul cafenelelor a devenit omniprezent, iar numero\u0219i arti\u0219ti, de diferite orient\u0103ri \u0219i temperament, au devenit creatori de postere. Arti\u0219ti precum Eugene Grasset, Theophil Steinlen, Paul Berthon, dar mai ales Alphonse M. Mucha, au oferit noble\u021be artei afi\u0219ului.<\/p>

Artistul francez de origine ceh\u0103, Alphonse Maria Mucha (1860-1939), a fost una dintre marile personalit\u0103\u021bi ale curentului Art Nouveau, creatorul unei opere originale \u0219i diverse. A abordat mai multe genuri artistice, excel\u00e2nd \u00een grafic\u0103 \u0219i realiz\u00e2nd c\u00e2teva dintre cele mai celebre afi\u0219e ale vremii sale. A studiat la Academia regal\u0103 din M\u00fcnchen, iar din anul 1888, a \u00eenceput s\u0103 frecventeze cursurile Academiei Julian, din Paris.<\/p>

\u00cen timpul studiilor s-a \u00eentre\u021binut lucr\u00e2nd ca ilustrator de c\u0103r\u021bi. A participat la numeroase expozi\u021bii \u0219i a fost recompensat cu medalia de argint la Expozi\u021bia Universal\u0103 de la Paris, din anul 1900, pentru mobilarea pavilionului Bosniei \u0219i Her\u021begovinei. \u00cen anul 1901, a fost distins cu Legiunea de Onoare, iar \u00een 1902, a publicat cartea \u201dDocumente decorative\u201d (Documents d\u00e9coratifs), o carte model pentru ornamentica sa, con\u021bin\u00e2nd sugestii pentru punerea ei \u00een practic\u0103.<\/p>

Opera sa \u00eembin\u0103 stilul artei bizantine \u0219i tr\u0103s\u0103turi ale Artei 1900, printr-o cromatic\u0103 diafan\u0103, simboluri pertinente, reu\u0219ind s\u0103 realizeze o amprent\u0103 personal\u0103, preluat\u0103 mai apoi de al\u021bi arti\u0219ti europeni. Tinerele cu expresii vis\u0103toare, drapate \u00een ve\u0219minte vaporoase, sunt marca sa. Mucha creeaz\u0103 prototipul feminin de Bell\u00e9 \u00c9poque care ajunge s\u0103 domine \u00eentreg Parisul. Prin opera sa, acest ideal dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te grani\u021bele Fran\u021bei, impun\u00e2ndu-se \u00een \u00eentreaga lume.<\/p>

Fost elev al pictorului \u0219i sculptorului francez, Jean-Paul Laurens (1838-1921), se va aventura, din \u00eent\u00e2mplare, \u00een arta afi\u0219ului, iar succesul va fi imediat. Stilul lui Mucha aminte\u0219te de Art Nouveau-ul vienez. Este caracterizat de o ornamenta\u021bie din flori artificiale \u0219i de o elegan\u021b\u0103 universal\u0103 a reprezent\u0103rilor, combinate cu o tratare simetric\u0103 a suprafe\u021belor \u0219i a liniilor, \u0219i cu o dependen\u021b\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de efectele de culoare.<\/p>

Afi\u0219ul realizat pentru actri\u021ba francez\u0103 Sarah Bernhardt, \u00een anul 1894, intitulat Gismonda, este printre lucr\u0103rile cele mai cunoscute. Dramatismul acestui afi\u0219 pentru piesa de teatru semnat\u0103 de Victorien Sardou, a produs o mare senza\u021bie \u0219i a determinat-o pe actri\u021b\u0103 s\u0103-i ofere autorului un contract de exclusivitate. Mul\u021bi spectatori vor avea, adesea, ocazia s\u0103 o z\u0103reasc\u0103 pe Divin\u0103, supranumit\u0103 \u201dvocea de aur a teatrului francez\u201d, portretizat\u0103 pe afi\u0219e gigantice, etalate pe fa\u021badele cl\u0103dirilor \u00eentr-un stil bizantino-floral necunoscut p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci. Mucha \u0219i-a asumat responsabilitatea nu doar pentru afi\u0219ele artistei, ci \u0219i pentru decorurile de teatru \u0219i costumele ei. \u00cencep\u00e2nd din acel moment, a fost asaltat de comenzi de grafic\u0103, afi\u0219e publicitare, calendare, ilustra\u021bii de c\u0103r\u021bi, titluri de revist\u0103 \u0219i panouri decoratie.<\/p>

Celebritatea lui Alphonse Mucha a determinat-o pe viitoarea suveran\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei, principesa Maria, s\u0103 achizi\u021bioneze c\u00e2teva dintre cele mai reprezentative opere ale acestuia, precum cele patru panouri cu Anotimpurile, altele cu Momentele zilei \u0219i impozantul afi\u0219 pentru spectacolul Gismonda, expuse \u00een castelul Peli\u0219or. Sarah Bernhardt era una dintre actri\u021bele preferate ale tinerei principese mo\u0219tenitoare, Maria deseori imit\u00e2nd-o \u00een toalete \u0219i alur\u0103. A fost invitat\u0103, \u00een repetate r\u00e2nduri, de c\u0103tre regina Elisabeta, la evenimentele muzicale \u0219i literare, organizate la castelul Pele\u0219.<\/p>

Afi\u0219ul o reprezint\u0103 pe actri\u021ba Sarah Bernhardt, \u00een costuma\u021bie imperial\u0103 bizantin\u0103, \u00een rolul Gismondei, opera dramatic\u0103 semnat\u0103 de Victorien Sardou. Poart\u0103 o mantie bogat\u0103, ampl\u0103, iar pe cap o cunun\u0103 de iri\u0219i. \u00cen m\u00e2na dreapt\u0103 \u021bine o crengu\u021b\u0103 de palmier, iar cea st\u00e2ng\u0103 este adus\u0103 pe piept. \u00cen fundal, deasupra capului, apare \u00eenscris numele actri\u021bei, \u00een arc de cerc. Partea inferioar\u0103 prezint\u0103 un personaj grotesc sprijinindu-se \u00eentr-un ruban purt\u00e2nd numele teatrului.<\/p>

Piesa de teatru \u201dGismonda\u201d a avut prima reprezenta\u021bie la 4 ianuarie 1895, la Teatrul Renaissance din Paris.<\/p>

Prin tehnica impecabil\u0103 a desenului, \u0219tiin\u021ba compozi\u021biei \u0219i a folosirii tonurilor de culoare, Alphonse Mucha r\u0103m\u00e2ne cel mai important reprezentant al Art Nouveau-lui \u00een grafica european\u0103.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"featured_media":10320,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categorie-colectie":[297],"tag-obiect-colectie":[],"class_list":["post-10321","colectie","type-colectie","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","categorie-colectie-colectia-de-pictura-universala"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGismonda · Peles Test<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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