{"id":8706,"date":"2024-10-08T11:59:10","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T11:59:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pelestest.thepoint-agency.com\/iatagan-cu-teaca\/"},"modified":"2024-10-08T11:59:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T11:59:10","slug":"iatagan-cu-teaca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thewebdevpoint.com\/ro\/patrimoniu\/iatagan-cu-teaca\/8706\/","title":{"rendered":"Iatagan cu Teac\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[stag_toggle style=&#8221;normal&#8221; title=&#8221;Detalii despre pies\u0103&#8221; state=&#8221;closed&#8221;]Iatagan cu teac\u0103<br \/>\nAtelier otoman, 1591<br \/>\nO\u021bel de Damasc, argint, aur, lemn, coral<br \/>\nIatagan \u2013 L: 83 cm<br \/>\nTeac\u0103 \u2013 L: 74 cm<br \/>\nL total: 85 cm<br \/>\nL\u0103\u021bimea lamei: 3,5 cm[\/stag_toggle]<\/p>\n<p>Iataganele reprezint\u0103 o categorie aparte \u00een cadrul vast al armelor albe, fiind \u00eencadrate de literatura de specialitate \u00een grupul cu\u0163itelor de mari dimensiuni, av\u00e2nd lama \u00eencovoiat\u0103 \u0219i realizat\u0103 din o\u0163el de cea mai bun\u0103 calitate, cu un singur t\u0103i\u0219 dispus obligatoriu pe muchia interioar\u0103 a lamei. M\u00e2nerul acestui tip de arm\u0103 alb\u0103 nu este prev\u0103zut cu gard\u0103; el reprezint\u0103 un element caracteristic iataganului \u0219i se eviden\u0163iaz\u0103 datorit\u0103 pl\u0103selelor cu aspect specific, terminate la partea superioar\u0103 sub forma unor aripioare u\u0219or curbate spre t\u0103i\u0219ul lamei, cunoscute sub denumirea generic\u0103 de \u201eurechi\u201d. Forma pl\u0103selelor este perfect conceput\u0103 pentru o c\u00e2t mai u\u0219oar\u0103 m\u00e2nuire a armei, \u201eurechile\u201d m\u00e2nerului av\u00e2nd rolul de a stopa alunecarea din m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00a0a iataganului \u00een timpul luptelor. \u00cen caz de necesitate, \u201eurechile\u201d acestuia puteau servi drept suport pentru sprijinirea \u0219i fixarea \u021bevilor de pu\u0219c\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te <b>originea<\/b><i> <\/i>acestui tip de arm\u0103 alb\u0103, literatura de specialitate apreciaz\u0103 c\u0103 iataganul este de provenien\u0163\u0103 oriental\u0103, dup\u0103 unele surse chiar din estul Indiei, de unde s-a extins \u00een \u00eentregul Orient.<\/p>\n<p>Alte surse documentare men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 originea iataganului se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een Asia, mai cu seam\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biul unde au locuit c\u00e2ndva numeroase triburi turcice. Prin intermediul turcilor otomani cunoa\u0219te o larg\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire, ajung\u00e2nd \u00een perioada expansiunii otomane pan\u0103 \u00een Peninsula Balcanic\u0103, unde se vor crea \u00een timp numeroase centre de produc\u0163ie, celebre \u00een epoc\u0103 pentru calitatea iataganelor f\u0103urite.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5318\" src=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150822020008im_\/https:\/\/pelestest.thepoint-agency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/f3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"894\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Iataganele au \u00eenceput s\u0103 se manufactureze \u00a0pe la mijlocul secolului al XVI-lea \u0219i au continuat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIX-lea, iar \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te<b>numele, <\/b>circul\u0103 multe legende care plaseaz\u0103 geneza armei \u0219i a numelui \u00een teritoriile locuite de turci, \u00een Asia central\u0103. \u00a0Aici, un comandant de o\u0219ti numit Osman Bey a cucerit o provincie din sud-vestul Turciei de azi (Denizli) unde a r\u0103mas \u00eempreun\u0103 cu fierarul s\u0103u pe nume Yatagan Baba (Tata Yatagan), pun\u00e2nd bazele unui atelier de confec\u021bionat arme albe. Devenind celebru, acesta a \u00eemprumutat numele s\u0103u at\u00e2t localit\u0103\u021bii c\u00e2t \u0219i armelor produse, care s-au diversificat cu l\u0103nci, suli\u021be, cu\u021bite etc.\u00a0 A\u0219a se explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 unele surse documentare pomenesc despre arme fabricate \u00een Yatagan, care devine astfel principala surs\u0103 de venit a locuitorilor, p\u00e2n\u0103 la apari\u021bia armelor de foc. Locuitorii din acest\u0103 localitate mai produc \u0219i ast\u0103zi acet tip de arme pe care le v\u00e2nd ca souvenir.<\/p>\n<p>Numele iataganului mai poate fi interpretat \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de maniera \u00een care este purtat de ieniceri, fixat la br\u00e2ul lat al uniformei militare, l\u0103sat liber s\u0103 at\u00e2rne \u00een jos, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 \u0219old \u2013\u201cyatabilen\u201d (care at\u00e2rn\u0103).<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen literatura de specialitate au existat \u00een timp numeroase confuzii referitoare la <i>denumirea \u0219i forma<\/i> iataganelor, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, <i>iataganul<\/i> era deseori identificat gre\u0219it sub denumirea de<i> hanger<\/i>. Ocup\u00e2ndu-se de acest tip de arm\u0103 alb\u0103, numero\u0219i autori n-au reu\u0219it s\u0103 stabilesc\u0103 o diferen\u0163iere clar\u0103 \u00eentre iatagane \u0219i hangere, mai mult, exist\u0103 numeroase cazuri \u00een care termenul de iatagan a fost utilizat eronat pentru desemnarea s\u0103biilor orientale.<\/p>\n<p><i>Hangerul<\/i> este un pumnal cu o lam\u0103 mai scurt\u0103, deosebit de dur\u0103, care de la mijloc spre v\u00e2rf este puternic \u00eencovoiat\u0103. Spre deosebire de iatagan, hangerul prezint\u0103 t\u0103i\u0219 pe ambele muchii \u0219i nervur\u0103 dispus\u0103 pe mijlocul lamei. Hangerul era utilizat \u00een Imperiul otoman de c\u0103tre unit\u0103\u0163ile de ieniceri, f\u0103cand parte din echipamentul standard al acestora. Hangerul era purtat \u00een cizm\u0103 \u0219i fiind o arm\u0103 cu preponderen\u0163\u0103 de uz militar se consider\u0103 c\u0103 in mediul civil al Balcanilor, acest tip de pumnal nu era foarte r\u0103spandit.<\/p>\n<p><i>Iataganul <\/i>\u00een schimb este o arm\u0103 cu aspect deosebit, at\u00e2t din punctul de vedere al lamei, c\u00e2t \u0219i al m\u00e2nerului. Lama iataganului este \u00eencovoiat\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 direc\u0163ii diferite, mai \u00eent\u00e2i prezint\u0103 o form\u0103 concav\u0103 de la m\u00e2ner \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 spre v\u00e2rful lamei, pentru ca mai apoi s\u0103 urmeze o form\u0103 convex\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rful \u00een sine al armei (cea de-a doua curbur\u0103 este mult mai mic\u0103 \u0219i mai pu\u0163in pronun\u0163at\u0103 dec\u00e2t prima).<\/p>\n<p><b>Lungimea <\/b>medie a iataganelor este de 60\u201380cm, iar<b> forma<\/b> lor nu s-a schimbat mult \u00een decursul timpului, \u00een acest sens o contribu\u0163ie major\u0103 av\u00e2nd-o caracteristicile deosebite ale acestui tip de arm\u0103: for\u0163a de lovire \u0219i spintecare. Datorit\u0103 formei specifice, for\u0163a de lovire este concentrat\u0103 spre v\u00e2rful lamei, a\u0219a \u00eenc\u00e2t iataganul era perfect pentru lupta de aproape, dar \u0219i \u00een mas\u0103. Chiar \u0219i \u00een momentul c\u00e2nd armele de foc au c\u00e2\u0219tigat suprema\u0163ia pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103, iataganul a fost men\u0163inut \u00een echipamentul standard al ienicerilor, tocmai datorit\u0103 calit\u0103\u0163ilor sale tehnice.<\/p>\n<p>Iataganul a devenit \u00een perioada st\u0103p\u00e2nirii otomane o arm\u0103 \u201ena\u0163ional\u0103, fiind inclus printre elementele de port popular ale b\u0103rba\u0163ilor, otomani sau balcanici. Iataganul era purtat la br\u00e2u al\u0103turi de cele dou\u0103 pistoale de cobur cu cremene. Br\u00e2ul, cunoscut \u0219i sub denumirea de <i>bensilah<\/i>, era un element de port popular folosit \u00een special pentru portul armelor, din acest motiv unii autori \u00eel consider\u0103 accesoriu militar. Iataganul se afla \u00een \u00eenzestrarea marinei otomane \u0219i a ienicerilor \u0219i era un element obligatoriu al \u0163inutei fiec\u0103rui musulman.<\/p>\n<p><b>P\u0103r\u021bile componente<\/b> ale unui iatagan sunt specifice oric\u0103rei arme albe \u0219i anume: lam\u0103, m\u00e2ner \u0219i teac\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><i>Lama <\/i>iataganului este realizat\u0103 din o\u0163el de cea mai bun\u0103 calitate, cunoscut sub denumirea de <i>o\u021bel de Damasc<\/i> \u0219i este deseori decorat\u0103 prin damaschinare cu fir din aur sau argint, sau prin gravare, men\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een mod obligatoriu\u00a0 anul f\u0103uririi piesei, numele me\u0219terului armurier, numele proprietarului, texte din Coran, proverbe, adres\u0103ri c\u0103tre Allah, motive geometrice \u0219i florale stilizate.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>O\u021belul de Damasc este cel mai potrivit material pentru a asigura principalele calit\u0103\u021bi ale unei lame de arm\u0103 alb\u0103 \u0219i anume, flexibilitatea \u0219i duritatea t\u0103i\u0219ului care trebuie s\u0103 se men\u021bin\u0103 ascu\u021bit \u0219i s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi ref\u0103cut u\u0219or dac\u0103 este degradat prin folosire repetat\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5323\" src=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150822020008im_\/https:\/\/pelestest.thepoint-agency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/f5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"792\" \/><\/p>\n<p>O\u021belul cu un con\u021binut mare de carbon este foarte dur, dar casant, iar o\u021belul cu un con\u021binut sc\u0103zut de carbon este flexibil, dar moale \u0219i nu p\u0103strez\u0103 t\u0103i\u0219ul func\u021bional pentru un timp de folosire mai \u00eendelungat. Pentru ob\u021binerea unui o\u021bel cu propriet\u0103\u021bi superioare sunt cunoscute dou\u0103 procedee: european \u0219i indian.<\/p>\n<p><i>Procedeul European<\/i> de fabricare a o\u021belului pentru arme albe prevede forjarea la cald a dou\u0103 sau mai multe calit\u0103\u021bi de o\u021bel sub form\u0103 de bare care se suprapun \u0219i se bat la cald. Bara astfel ob\u021binut\u0103 se pliaz\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 \u0219i este din nou b\u0103tut\u0103 la cald, procedeul put\u00e2nd s\u0103 se repete p\u00e2n\u0103 la ob\u021binerea a 512 sau 1024 de straturi suprapuse \u0219i omogenizate, ca rezulat al repet\u0103rii forj\u0103rii de nou\u0103 sau zce ori. Dup\u0103 fasonarea propri-zis\u0103 a lamei, \u00eenainte de a se fixa \u00een m\u00e2ner, lama este tratat\u0103 cu acid, opera\u021biune care \u00eei confer\u0103 un aspect \u201cmoarat\u201d, \u00eentruc\u00e2t o\u021belurile din compozi\u021bie reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 diferit cu acidul. Acest aspect vizual al lamei reprezint\u0103 apanajul o\u021belului de Damasc.<\/p>\n<p><i>Procedeul Indian<\/i> de fabricare a o\u021belului (<i>wootz)<\/i> este considerat reprezentativ pentru ob\u021binerea acestui metal uimitor. Produs de indienii din Damasc, de mai bine de 1000 de ani, procesul const\u0103 \u00een \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea lent\u0103 a fierului cu carbon, prin \u00eenc\u0103lzirea \u00eendelungat\u0103 a amestecului p\u00e2n\u0103 la temperaturi apropiate de fuziune. Se produce astfel o carburare a fierului de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2%. Prin ridicarea lent\u0103 a temperaturii de reac\u021bie, fuziunea are loc inegal, iar aspectul produsului final este neomogen. R\u0103cirea are loc lent \u0219i accentueaz\u0103 diversificarea structurii finale a o\u021belului \u0219i \u00eei asigur\u0103 calit\u0103\u021bile dorite de suple\u021be \u0219i rezisten\u021b\u0103. Tratat\u0103 cu acid, lama prezint\u0103 acela\u0219i aspect specific, moarat.<\/p>\n<p><i>M\u00e2nerul <\/i>iataganului este format din mai multe elemente: \u00een partea inferioar\u0103 este prev\u0103zut cu un scurt\u00a0 man\u0219on cilindric,<i> <\/i>realizat dintr-un aliaj con\u0163in\u00e2nd plumb sau cositor, bogat decorat \u0219i u\u0219or te\u0219it la partea inferioar\u0103 spre lam\u0103, care<i> <\/i>se continu\u0103 pe aceasta<i> <\/i>cu un ornament sub forma unei frunze stilizate. Al doilea element se prezint\u0103 sub forma unei benzi metalice fixate longitudinal, de-a lungul muchiei m\u00e2nerului, la \u00eembinarea pl\u0103selelor m\u00e2nerului. Aceste benzi, confec\u021bionate de obicei din argint filigranat, prezint\u0103 cabo\u0219oane cu coral sau turcoaz \u0219i minuscule ornamente metalice de form\u0103 floral\u0103, piramidal\u0103, romboidal\u0103, circular\u0103 \u2013 lipite la cald de placa central\u0103. Ultimul element al m\u00e2nerului este reprezentat de cele dou\u0103 pl\u0103sele care prezint\u0103 o configura\u021bie caracteristic\u0103 acestui tip de arm\u0103, terminate la partea superioar\u0103 cu dou\u0103 \u201eurechi\u201d ce pot fi de forme \u0219i dimensiuni diferite. Forma bifurcat\u0103 a m\u00e2nerului de iatagan, rezultat\u0103 din cele dou\u0103 \u201eurechi\u201d aflate la termina\u0163ia pl\u0103selelor, \u00ee\u0219i dovede\u0219te pe deplin utilitatea \u00een momentul m\u00e2nuirii armei, av\u00e2nd dublu rol: protejarea m\u00e2inii lupt\u0103torului, dar \u0219i ca piedic\u0103 \u00eempotriva alunec\u0103rii armei din m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een toiul b\u0103t\u0103liei.<\/p>\n<p>Iataganele erau purtate \u00een <i>teci<\/i><b> <\/b>manufacturate din metal sau lemn, \u00eembr\u0103cate \u00een piele sau metal \u0219i \u00eent\u0103rite cu garnituri metalice. Configura\u021bia lor urm\u0103re\u0219te fidel conturul lamei \u0219i termina\u021bia reproduce un cap de animal stilizat. Tecile iataganelor erau bogat decorate, cu pietre semipre\u0163ioase, ornamente \u0219i inscrip\u0163ii damaschinate, \u00een general cu fir din aur. Aceste iatagane erau foarte scumpe \u0219i se aflau \u00een posesia demnitarilor \u0219i oficialit\u0103\u0163ilor de prim rang, fiind \u00een multe din cazuri, daruri din partea sultanului. Iataganele cu m\u00e2nere metalice, bogat decorate, erau piese de gal\u0103 purtate la ocazii speciale, av\u00e2nd ca principal rol, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu restul \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103min\u0163ii, ilustrarea statutului social al proprietarului.<\/p>\n<p><b>Decorarea <\/b>ansamblului format din iatagan \u0219i teac\u0103 este unitar\u0103 \u0219i depindea de comanditar, deoarece ea reflecta pozi\u021bia social\u0103 \u0219i puterea financiar\u0103 a acestuia. Materialele folosite sunt aur, argint, alam\u0103, pietre semipre\u021bioase (coral, turcoaz), iar tehnicile sunt variate: turnare, cioc\u0103nire,\u00a0 cizelare, gravare, damaschinare, aplicare de cabo\u0219oane, filigran, motive vegetale \u0219i geometrice.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tehnica <i>damaschin\u0103rii <\/i>presupune decorarea cu fir de aur sau argint a unor suprafe\u021be metalice. Se procedeaz\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i la gravarea suprafe\u021bei de decorat cu modelul dorit, practic\u00e2ndu-se \u0219an\u021buri mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin ad\u00e2nci, care fie se umplu cu metal topit (aur sau argint) cunoscut\u0103 ca tehnica <i>incrusta\u021biei ad\u00e2nci<\/i>, fie se acoper\u0103 cu fir metalic (de aur sau argint) \u0219i apoi se bate cu ciocanul \u0219i se finiseaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la o planeitate perfect\u0103, denumit\u0103 tehnica <i>incrusta\u021biei la suprafa\u021b\u0103. <\/i>Metoda permite realizarea unei decora\u021bii deosebit de fine \u0219i riguroase \u00een redarea detaliilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5321\" src=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150822020008im_\/https:\/\/pelestest.thepoint-agency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/Untitled-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"323\" height=\"380\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cel mai reprezentativ exemplar de iatagan apreciat \u00een literatura de specialiate este cel realizat pentru Suleyman Magnificul, care a condus Imperiul Otoman din 1520 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1566. Manufacturat \u00een 1526\/7, acest iatagan este printre primele din istoria sa \u0219i men\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe lam\u0103 anul fabrica\u021biei \u0219i numele artistului care l-a executat, Ahmed Tekel\u00fc. Av\u00e2nd o form\u0103 perfect echilibrat\u0103 \u0219i o execu\u021bie remarcabil\u0103, se afl\u0103 expus la Palatul Topkapi din Istambul.<\/p>\n<p>Iataganele nu se produceau doar \u00een spa\u021biul otoman. Spre exemplu \u00een Fran\u0163a se fabricau iatagane \u00een manufactura de armament de la Versailles, produsul rezultat fiind cunoscut sub numele de <i>yatagan<\/i>sau <i>coutelas oriental<\/i>. \u00cen unele \u0163\u0103ri se realizau baionete av\u00e2nd o form\u0103 similar\u0103 lamei de iatagan, fiind realizate chiar \u0219i mici spade pentru lovire (<i>Haudegen<\/i>) av\u00e2nd lamele \u00eencovoiate. \u00cen a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea, \u00een Austria, iataganele erau produse \u00een fabricile de armament, aceste arme intr\u00e2nd \u00een dotarea unor unit\u0103\u0163i militare din Dalma\u0163ia. \u00cen spa\u021biul balcanic (Serbia, Bosnia- Her\u021begovina) s-au creat iatagane care reproduceau fidel calitatea \u0219i configuta\u021bia celor otomane, diferen\u021ba fiind reprezentat\u0103 de decora\u021bia lamei, dimensiunea \u201curechilor\u201d \u0219i materialul din care erau confec\u0163ionate (filde\u0219, os).<\/p>\n<p>Colec\u021bia de arme a Regelui Carol I este cea mai numeroas\u0103 din \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i se afl\u0103 aproape integral la Muzeul Na\u021bional Pele\u0219. Iataganul cu teac\u0103 face parte din colec\u021bia de arme orientale \u0219i se presupune c\u0103 a fost adus de c\u0103tre Regele Carol I din colec\u0163ia tat\u0103lui s\u0103u, de la castelul Sigmaringen. El figureaz\u0103 \u00een catalogul armelor \u00eentocmit de austriacul Julius Sche\u0171rer, la capitolul IV, intitulat<i>Orientalische Handjare<\/i>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Angajat de regele Carol I cu acest scop, Julius Sche\u00fcrer elaboreaz\u0103 c\u0103tre 1914, <i>Verzeichnis der Waffensammlung Seiner Majest\u00e4t K\u00f6nig Karl I von Rum\u00e4nien<\/i>, lucrare r\u0103mas\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u00een manuscris, care cuprinde mai multe mape ce urm\u0103resc \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163irea tradi\u0163ional\u0103 a colec\u0163iei: arme de parad\u0103, arme de v\u00e2n\u0103toare \u015fi de lupt\u0103, arme de foc, arme albe si armuri de cavaleri. Fi\u015fele sunt \u00eenso\u0163ite fiecare de c\u00e2te un desen \u00een peni\u0163\u0103, care red\u0103 cu meticulozitate toate detaliile pieselor. Ca o anex\u0103 la catalog, Sche\u00fcrer a mai scris \u015fi un <i>Register zum Inventar der Waffensammlung in dem Rum\u00e4nischne K\u00f6nigsschlo\u00dfe Pelesch (Wien 1913)<\/i>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5325\" src=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150822020008im_\/https:\/\/pelestest.thepoint-agency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/f10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"151\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Iataganul prezint\u0103 o <i>lam\u0103 <\/i>dublu curbat\u0103, din o\u021bel de Damasc, cu un singur t\u0103i\u0219 pe muchia interioar\u0103 \u0219i \u0219an\u021b lat pentru scurgerea s\u00e2ngelui, l\u00e2ng\u0103 muchia net\u0103ioas\u0103; este\u00a0 decorat\u0103 spre m\u00e2ner, pe muchia net\u0103ioas\u0103, cu motiv tip frunz\u0103 damaschinat cu aur \u0219i pe toat\u0103 lungimea cu c\u00e2te 5 inscrip\u0163ii pe fiecare fa\u0163\u0103, caligrafiate \u00een limba osman\u0103, prezentate \u00een cartu\u0219e cu motive vegetale damaschinate \u00een aur.<\/p>\n<p><i>M\u00e2ner<\/i> metalic, cu pl\u0103sele bifurcate \u0219i \u201curechi\u201d evazate, de mari dimensiuni, ornamnetate pe toat\u0103 suprafa\u021ba cu motive vegetale damaschinate \u00een aur. La partea median\u0103, longitudinal, la locul de \u00eembinare a pl\u0103selelor, band\u0103 decorativ\u0103 din argint lucrat \u00een trafor \u0219i cabo\u0219oane cu coral \u0219i sfere mici din argint imit\u00e2nd perle. Inelul de la baza m\u00eenerului face corp comun cu \u201cfrunza\u201d de pe lam\u0103 \u0219i reproduce motivele vegetale realizate \u00een aceea\u0219i manier\u0103 cu aceasta.<\/p>\n<p><i>Teaca<\/i> este realizat\u0103 din lemn, \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 \u00een metal (o\u021bel), cu man\u0219on lat din argint filigranat, decorat \u00een registre alternative, cu bumbi de argint \u015fi corali monta\u0163i \u00een cabo\u015foane de argint \u015fi filigran.\u00a0 Teaca este integral damaschinat\u0103 pe trei sferturi din lungime cu aur \u015fi argint, cu motive vegetale \u015fi medalioane cu arabescuri, Lateral, pe partea exterioar\u0103, prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 inele de fixare pentru \u015fnur. Teaca prezint\u0103 o termina\u021bie \u00een form\u0103 de cap de animal fantastic decorat \u00een aceea\u0219i manier\u0103 cu aceasta.<\/p>\n<p>O parte dintre inscrip\u021bii au putut fi descifrate \u0219i traduse din limba osmano\u2013turc\u0103 \u0219i anume:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>O inscrip\u021bie care precizeaz\u0103 anul 1000 al Hagiriei (dup\u0103 calendarul islamic) \u0219i 1591 (dupa calendarul gregorian), reprezent\u00e2nd anul fabrica\u021biei.<\/li>\n<li>Inscrip\u021bia de pe m\u00e2nerul iataganului se scrie:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627\u00a0\u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e\u00a0\u0644\u064e\u0627\u00a0\u0219i se cite\u0219te \u201c<i>l\u0101 \u02beil\u0101ha \u02beill\u0101 l-L\u0101h\u201d, <\/i>iar \u00een traducere<i> <\/i><i>\u201c<\/i><i>Nu exist\u0103 alt Dumneazeu dec\u00e2t Dumnezeu\u201d (there is no God but God)<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Una dintre\u00a0inscrip\u021biile de pe lam\u0103 s-ar traduce prin: <i>\u201c(aceasta este) ziua aleas\u0103 pentru intoleran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i \u00eentuneric\u201d<\/i><\/li>\n<li>O alt\u0103 inscrip\u021bie de pe lam\u0103 face referire la \u201c<i>casa regal\u0103 a lui Allah\u201d<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>Lama prezint\u0103 o inscrip\u0163ie mai greu descifrabil\u0103, care men\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cuvintele \u201ec\u0103l\u0103torie\u201d, \u201e(pe) mare\u201d \u015fi un nume propriu \u201eAlid\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5327\" src=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150822020008im_\/https:\/\/pelestest.thepoint-agency.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"139\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Iataganul cu teac\u0103 din colec\u021bia regelui Carol I de la Muzeul Na\u021bional Pele\u0219 este o pies\u0103 de valoare excep\u021bional\u0103, realizat\u0103 la \u00eenceputurile istoriei acestui tip de arm\u0103 alb\u0103, pentru c\u0103 ea define\u0219te toate elementele de identificare tipologic\u0103, prezent\u00e2nd o tehnic\u0103 de execu\u021bie impecabil\u0103 \u0219i av\u00e2nd valen\u021be estetice deosebite. Manufacturat \u00een Asia Mic\u0103, conform Catalogului Sche\u00fcrer, este reprezentativ pentru iataganele de <i>tip otoman, <\/i>care au drept caracteristici \u201curechile\u201d de mari dimensiuni, puternic r\u0103sfr\u00e2nte c\u0103tre lam\u0103 \u0219i ornamentele \u0219i inscrip\u0163iile damaschinate cu fir din aur \u0219i argint realizate prin tehnica \u201eincrusta\u0163iei la suprafa\u0163\u0103\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Confec\u021bionat integral din metal, maniera de \u00eembinare a p\u0103r\u021bilor componente ale m\u00e2nerului (fixate prin lipire la cald) este perfect\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t las\u0103 impresia de fasonare prin turnare, iar trecerea de la un element descriptiv la altul confer\u0103 o continuitate ansamblului, asigurat\u0103 \u0219i de aplicarea decorului. Impresia pe care o las\u0103 piesa este de imagine fluid\u0103, punctat\u0103 de culoarea ro\u0219ie a coralului.<\/p>\n<p>Piesa a fost destinat\u0103 exclusiv pentru parad\u0103 \u0219i reprezint\u0103 o arm\u0103 de colec\u021bie, ea av\u00e2nd dimensiuni neobi\u0219nuit de mari pentru un iatagan (lungime total\u0103 85 cm) \u0219i ornamenta\u021bie deosebit de bogat\u0103, cu aur, argint \u0219i coral.\u00a0Ansamblul a fost restaurat \u0219i se aflat\u0103 \u00eentr-o stare foarte bun\u0103 de conservare, put\u00e2nd fi admirat \u00een Sala armelor orientale de la parterul Castelului Pele\u0219.<\/p>\n<h4>Daniela Voitescu, <small>muzeograf<\/small><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[stag_toggle style=&#8221;normal&#8221; title=&#8221;Detalii despre pies\u0103&#8221; state=&#8221;closed&#8221;]Iatagan cu teac\u0103 Atelier otoman, 1591 O\u021bel de Damasc, argint, aur, lemn, coral Iatagan \u2013 L: 83 cm Teac\u0103 \u2013 L: 74 cm L total: 85 cm L\u0103\u021bimea lamei: 3,5 cm[\/stag_toggle] Iataganele reprezint\u0103 o categorie aparte \u00een cadrul vast al armelor albe, fiind \u00eencadrate de literatura de specialitate \u00een grupul [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[268,259],"tags":[84],"class_list":["post-8706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arme-si-armuri","category-patrimoniu","tag-colectia-de-arme-si-armuri"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Iatagan cu Teac\u0103 &#183; 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